The aim of this study wasto predict mathematics talent on the basis of creativity and personality types in primary school gifted students. The research tools wereWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (2003), Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (1372), Personality TpesIndex (Murphy – Meiesger, 2011), and the researcher-developed MathematicsTalent Evaluation Scale (Teacher Form). The statistical population comprisedofall the sixth grade primary school gifted students of Esfahan, from whom 282 students (148 girls and 134 boys) with an IQ of 130 and above were selected. The results of the structural equation modeling revealed that the data fitted the model and that the variables creativity and personality types predicted%38 of the variance for the variable mathematics talent, and the effect of both variables of creativity and personality types on mathematics talent was significant (P<0. 05). Therefore, using both variables, mathematics talent can be directly predicted at about average and above.

Extroversion and introversion, two main personality traits in the theory of personality, were introduced by Carl G. Jung in 1920. Other theorists like Hans Eysenck have extended Jung’, s ideas into personality types. Being part of every human being’, s psyche, these two personality traits have been often viewed as monolithic entities. Sa’, adi is a great author whose works have been discussed both for highly elevated language and eloquence and for their rich themes. Many of Sa’, adi’, s writings can be matched with modern psychological concepts. Looking at Sa’, adi’, s Golestan and Boostan, the present article is going to view his personality in light of the two concepts of extraversion and introversion. It has been discussed here that Sa’, adi, based on his writings, can be categorized more as an extrovert than an introvert. Finally, according to Jung’, s eight personality types and Eysenck’, s personality theory, Sa’, di can be classified as extraverted sensing or extraverted intuition.

The purpose of this study was to prepare a primary scale which can be used in further extensive studies for preparing normative scale to assess enneagram personality types of Iranian university students in relation to native culture. To achieve this aim, at first, all subjects participated in enneagram training class for ten sessions and we deeply surveyed the Riso-Hudson enneagram. Then, questions based on native culture and enneagram theory were developed. This scale was administered to 20 university students. The results of this pilot study demonstrated that certain questions need be changed and some should be deleted. This scale and RHETI test were simultaneously administered to 110 university students. The subjects were randomly selected from Oromiyeh University. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Cronbach, s alpha, KMO, Bartlett, Confirmatory analysis, principal component analysis with Varimax rotation and Pearson correlation. The findings proved that this scale can have some useful applications.

The aim of the present research was the comparison of characteristic and types of personality between the athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors. It was a type of scientific-comparative research and its statistical population consisted of the professional sport activities in 2015. The forenamed samples consisted of 120 persons, including 2 groups 60member’s athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors, which were opted by the way of accessible sampling technique the research instruments were Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and A/B Personality Type Questionnaire (Friedman & Roseman, 1963), which were completed by the participants. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, and analysis of covariance in SPSS23. The results implied that in personality types of Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (there are a significant difference between the contact/non-contact group’s depressions.) The scores of the contact sport player in depression variable is more than the scores of the non-contact sport player (p=0.020). Furthermore, according to this results there is a significant difference between the contact/ non- contact groups personality types (P=0.039). In personality types the non- contact sport major player’s score is more than the contact sport major players.

The purpose of the research was Study of the psychometrical features of Enneagram personality types. The statistical population consisted of 676 employed and unemployed females and males residing in Tehran city that had high school certificate or above and their mean age was 32.8. Sampling method were randomly and available population. Findings showed that difficulty co-efficient mean were 0.41 to 0.55. Besides, the distinctive co-efficient mean of questions estimated 0.17 to 0.38. Superficial content validity confirmed by a few psychometrists. Constructive validity calculated by correlation and exploring factor analysis. The results revealed the first three factors consisted (expressed) %16.5 of total variance. In fact, it showed suitable adaptation with emotionalism, perceptionism and operationalism. Consistency co-efficient calculated by Cronbach Alpha 0.67 to 0.81 and through test-retest 0.95 to 0.98. Normal t scores were been obtained in this study. According to the results, opplication of the Enneagram test recommend for normal people and research studies.

Apprehending the personality types of software engineers is essential for both individuals and organizations, especially in software engineering, which heavily relies on teamwork and soft skills. This paper explores various aspects and dimensions of personality exhibited by software engineers, focusing on Iranian culture. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive study that involved analyzing existing research on a global scale and a case study specifically targeting professional software engineers in Iran. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test was utilized to gather data, and the responses were carefully filtered, resulting in 102 valid datasets for analysis, representing both the private and public sectors. Our methodology included the development of a comprehensive questionnaire comprised of personal and standardized MBTI questions in Persian. The findings of our study indicate that software engineers in Iran predominantly exhibit a thinking personality rather than a feeling one. Moreover, personality types such as ISTJ, INTJ, ESTJ, and ENTJ were observed to be more prevalent among software engineers, while ISFJ, ISFP, ESFP, ENFP, and ESFJ were less common. While these results align with global trends, there are also noteworthy distinctions among Iranian software engineers. The implications of our research extend to practical applications for managers, human resources specialists, and recruiters. By understanding software engineers' personality types and traits, employers can optimize talent acquisition strategies, improve job placements, and tailor career development programs accordingly. This knowledge is helpful for students and those interested in a career in software engineering. It aids in making informed decisions that meet the field's requirements.

Immature defense mechanisms are often implicated in various personality disorders. This study investigated degrees of immaturity and types of defense mechanisms in a range of narcissistic personality disorders. 263 graduate and undergraduate students (156 female, 107 male) completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ, Andrews, Sing & Bond, 1993), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI, Raskin & Hall, 1979), and Vulnerable Narcissistic Scale (VNS, Pimentel et al., 2004) in order to make distinction between 2 types of covert and overt narcissism. Analysis of findings showed: 1) vulnerable narcissism or covert type of narcissism was positively correlated to immature (such as devaluation) and neurotic defense mechanisms (such as pseudo-altruism), 2) grandiose narcissism or overt type of narcissism was negatively correlated with neurotic defense mechanisms and positively with immature defense mechanisms, 3) distinguishing between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism can prevent diagnostic mistakes. The implications of this distinction in the therapeutic process of such personality disorders are also discussed.